UFO Behaviour
To begin, UFOs have the following mission types:
Alien Harvest
Alien Research
Alien Abduction
Alien Infiltration
Alien Terror
Alien Supply
Alien Base
Alien Retaliation
The Harvest, Research and Abduction missions are similar.
UFO starts at a random location on the globe
UFO proceeds to target site
At target site, UFO lands, and waits for a bit. (How long is "a bit"?)
UFO takes off again, moves short, random distance away
Lands and waits for a bit.
Steps 4 and 5 are repeated a number of times
UFO moves to departure point
UFO leaves Earth
If UFO is disturbed at a landing site, it will proceed to departure point and leave earth.
If UFO is attacked while in the air, and not destroyed, it will continue on its mission.
Notes:
The number of landings is variable. Usually either 0, 1, 2, or 3 times
The UFO never starts it’s mission at an Alien base
The only time a UFO ends at an alien base is when it is a supply mission.
Once the Supply Ship finishes stocking the base, it immediately leaves.
Departure/start points are random points on the globe and AFAIK they never are the same.
The Alien Infiltration mission is:
UFO starts at a random location on the globe
UFO proceeds to target site
If UFO reaches target site, UFO disappears.
If UFO is attacked while in the air, and not destroyed, it will continue on its mission.
The Alien Terror mission is:
UFO starts at a random location on the globe
UFO proceeds to target site
If UFO reaches target site, it lands, and landing zone becomes a terror site.
After a period of time, UFO takes off, moves to departure point and leaves Earth.
If UFO is attacked while in the air, and not destroyed, it will continue on its mission.
The Alien Supply mission is:
UFO starts at a random location on the globe
UFO proceeds to target location. Usually beside, but not IN, an Alien Base
If UFO reaches target site, it lands.
After a period of time (how long?), UFO takes off, moves to departure point and leaves Earth.
If UFO is attacked while in the air, and not destroyed, it will continue on its mission.
The Alien Base (construction) mission is:
Scout UFO starts at a random location on the globe
UFO proceeds to target site
At target site, UFO behaves like a research mission.
After a while, UFO leaves
Steps 1 to 4 are repeated for a number of “surveying” UFOs
A little later, a Battleship UFO starts at a random location on the globe
Battleship proceeds to target site
At target site, UFO lands.
After 4 to 10 days, UFO leaves, and an Alien base is left at the site.
The Alien Retaliation mission is:
“Scouting” UFO starts at a random location on the globe
UFO proceeds to target site (somewhere near when Alien thinks X-Corp base might be.)
At target site, UFO starts searching the area for a base.
If scout is destroyed mission ends.
If scout fails to locate base, mission ends.
If a base is found, scout leaves area, and
Battleship UFO starts at a random location on the globe
UFO proceeds to target site (the base)
If attack on base is successful, UFO flies to departure point and leaves Earth.
Other notes:
UFO's never directly attack X-COM craft. X-COM is always the initiator of air-to-air attacks.
Non-Retaliation UFOs do not detect the presence of X-COM bases (it's not their job). Retaliation scouts do the actual detecting, and according to the OSG have a detection range of 240 nautical miles.
UFO crash sites last anywhere from 1-4 days on a map.
Landed UFOs stick around for 4-12 hours, but this number is highly variable and probably depends on mission type and previous X-COM activity on the mission.
Terror sites last anywhere from 4-10 hours, ut there is a bug in the game allowing you to extend the time-frame to infinity by always having at least one ship headed to the site at all times.
Technically, on infiltration/base building excercises, the alien base is constructed before the Battleships arrive.
Multiple UFO behaviour
According to MISSIONS.DAT in UFOpedia, UFOs generally don't work in isolation.
As discussed in the terror and alien base missions above, a a "mission" (or as shown in AIandCraftClasses.png, an "Invasion Task" involves a number of UFOs over a period of time.
So, the sequences are:
Research
small scout
1 week later, a medium scout
1 week later, a large scout
3 days later, a large scout
Harvest
s.Scout
3d s.Scout
1w s.Scout
3d l.Scout
3d l.Scout
1w Harvester
3d Harvester
1d Battleship
Abduction
s.Scout
1w m.Scout
2w l.Scout
3d Abductor
3d Abductor
1h Battleship
Infiltration
s.Scout
2w m.Scout
2w m.Scout
2w l.Scout
3d l.Scout
1h Terrorship
1h Battleship
1h Supply
1h Battleship
Base
s.Scout
m.Scout
l.Scout
Supply
Supply
Battleship
if you shoot down the supplys the battleship will not come for several weeks and a retaliation mission is started.
Terror
m.Scout
1w l.Scout
1w Terrorship
1w Terrorship
Each Terrorship will cause one terror mission, if it is not shot down before it lands.
Retaliation
s.Scout
? m.Scout
32h* m.Scout (add 146.5h* if 1/0 shot down at first turning point)
52h* l.Scout (add 3d if 1/1 shot down at first turning point)
? l.Scout
? Battleship
? Battleship